ACH

ACH is the American equivalent of a national direct debit and credit transfer scheme: payments are submitted in batches and settle in one to three business days, at a low cost per transaction. Lenders use it both to disburse funds and to collect repayments.

As with SEPA, the interesting part is the return codes. A payment that fails days after submission has to be reconciled against a schedule that has already moved on, which is precisely the kind of bookkeeping a workflow system should be doing rather than a person.